1. Who are you? (Name, Age)
2. Where are you? (Location in USA)
3. What is the date?(a specific date as well as one contemporary event from the periods to give your narrative historical context)
4. In your experience, does our democratic government establish equality among Americans? (Explain your answer)
5.What are the challenges to equality that you or those around you experience? How are those challenges overcome?
Hello, my name is Abe Lincoln and I was born on Febuary, 12 1809 in a one room log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky. I had many extraordinary accomplishments in my lifetime. I was a 6’4 skinny adolescence when I helped my family move to central Illinois. !0 miles from where we lived, we started our own farm. I moved a lot and I set off on my own for my second trip too new Orleans. I settle in New Salem and there I tested my physical strength by wrestling. I was the champion of the nearby settlement in a wrestling match. People always liked me and asked me for advice. Before I ran for office, I joined the military and fought against the Indians in a battle called The Black Hawk War. I was promoted to the rank of captain in the military. My military duty helped me in the future because I got to know men allover the state. When I finally ran in the fall of 1832 I ran for Illinois legislator and got almost every vote from my old town of New Salem. After I was defeated I tried to start a store. I studied a lot of reading and grammar but did not get enough customers so my store was destroyed in 1833. After became a country surveyor, I ran again for legislature a second time and won. After I won the constitution promoted slavery, and I was of course one of the few that went against slavery. But that only made the south angrier because they got mad because they had to defend the right of slavery. In 1842 I married a woman named Mary Todd. We had 4 children. In 1855 I was really affected when I tried to run for the U.S senate but lost. In the election of 1860 I traveled to the northeast and made a very good speech at the cooper institute in New York. About 1500 people kept interrupting me with their cheers which made me feel very good. I never really thought African American slavery was right so we fought the South over it and won. I was elected president of the United States in 1861.After April 11th when I made a speech saying that blacks should have the right to vote, people were not happy. Everywhere around me I felt threatened. People were trying to kill me and or assassinate me. My family and I discussed and planned to go to a theatre play on April 15th. I am very excited to see the play with my family and look forward to it.
2: Book :Voices from the Civil War written by Milton Meltzer-Thomas Y. Crowell Junior Books,1889 Milton Meltzer.
3: Book: The President is Shot! By Harold Holtzer: Boyds Mills Press:2004 4: Book: Lincoln A Photobiography : Russell Freedman: Clarion Books New York: 1987
Ben Period 4 Abraham Lincoln Dear Journal - February 27, 1860
I, Abraham Lincoln at the age of 51, feel that my position in the Presidential race is progressing due to the fact that my speech in Cooper Union in New York City was very successful. I believe I won over the audience by successfully debating with Stephen Douglas about state rights and slavery in the south. Though I was born in Kentucky, which is in the south, I still believe slavery is wrong. It’s not because I moved up north to Indiana and Illinois shortly after that. i feel this way, because all Americans are and should be recognized as equals. Blacks, whites, men, women, and children should all receive the same respect from others. I believe slavery should be abolished and America will fight through it together. We must overcome slavery, because it is wrong to have people equal to us do laborious work and receive nothing in return. Slaves are humans too. We treat them like they aren’t, though. Stephen Douglas is wrong because he wants to continue slavery. However, he doesn’t know what it’s like to be a slave. That is something I don’t know either, but it is not a good experience from what I can see. The next major step of my journey will be the Chicago convention, in my home state of Illinois. Although I will not be attending the convention, remaining at home in Springfield, I am hoping to gain the Republican nomination for the 16th Presidency. I am hoping people will recognize my personal values which uphold the democratic principles of our government, especially with respect to slavery. Slavery goes against three of the democratic principles which our government is based on. It certainly doesn’t promote the general welfare of our citizens, because they’re beaten and abused. It also goes against securing the blessings of liberty which means to protect our freedom. Clearly they are not doing that because plenty of people are enslaved. I don’t see any free slaves. Lastly, this doesn’t obey the Constitution’s principle of establishing justice, creating fairness for all of the people in America. To conclude my journey as a nominee for the 16th Presidency, if I win, I will try to unite the north and the south as one. I wish I could do that while freeing the slaves, but if I do that, I am afraid that will further divide the nation and the south will get out of control. Therefore, the Civil War will get even worse. We can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power add or detract. We must fight for the freedom of the slaves.
Sources
1. "Correspondence between Abraham Lincoln and the Workingmen of Manchester, England." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=E04690&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 23, 2010).
2. "Victory Speech from the White House." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=E08790&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 24, 2010).
3. "Cooper Union Speech." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=E02280&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 24, 2010).
4. “ The Election of 1860 Brings Abraham Lincoln to the White House” Presidential Politics at a Time at a Time of National CrisisBy Robert McNamara, About.com Guidehttp://history1800s.about.com/od/presidentialcampaigns/a/1860election.htm
5. Smith, Robert C. "Lincoln, Abraham." Encyclopedia of African-American Politics. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=EAAP0241&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 25, 2010).
Hello to all. I am Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States of America. I am 53 years old, I have recently issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and the date is January 7th, 1863. Now, all slaves will be freed in the Confederate States. I hope expansion of blacks’ rights will occur, such as their right to vote, and maybe even the right to freedom itself. It is my firm belief that, “If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.” With this quote I tell to you (if you seem to have found this journal entry) that this quote makes sense, as slavery is currently the biggest issue we face and if that is right then anything would be right to do, which is not true. Unfortunately, this proclamation hasn’t seemed to take effect because slaves have not been freed, like this proclamation said it would (although it wasn’t illegal to do so, but I tried my best to diminish slavery). But I believe the British and French (who get cotton from the South), won’t ally with them, as this war is now currently about slavery and the North is against it, while the South is for it. The sad part, as I stated earlier, is that the Emancipation Proclamation has apparently not freed the slaves. I believe that a democracy is a type of government in which the citizens vote directly on issues, such as laws, elections, and so on and so forth. It never stated what people to exclude from this right or if there were any people to exclude. Besides (in my opinion) there is nothing wrong with a type of person who simply has a different color of skin. I believe that there is something wrong- since some people don’t like them- with using them as slaves. The South cannot seem to come up with a single just reason for slavery. I, however, could come up with a just reason not to do so. The challenges I face in the quest for equality are in the South- as they have separated from us because that would get their slaves taken away from them. It will be hard convincing or forcing half of America to equality in this nation. I believe this issue can be resolved through a debate between the Union and the Confederate States because it might change there point of view and quite possibly their decision to separate from us. I also face the challenge of being President and therefore leading the nation. I know I can do it though, as George Washington faced the dilemma of being the first President of the United States of America. Nobody had been President before and he would thus, have to make smart decisions in order to not aggravate the Anti-Federalists, but also be a good leader. I believe I have to do the same here, but I must also remind myself that I did not allow the South to secede from the Union, but they did anyway.
Works Cited 1-"Abraham Lincoln." Library.thinkquest.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215469/abraham_lincoln.htm.
2-"Abraham Lincoln: American Civil War President." Americancivilwar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.
3-http://americancivilwar.com/north/abe_lincoln.html. "The American Civil War." Kidport.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. http:/www.kidport.com/ RefLib/USAHistory/CivilWar/CivilWar.htm.
4-Golay, Michael. America at War: The Civil War. New York: Facts on File, 1992. Print.
5-Marrin, Albert. Commander in Chief: Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War. New York: Penguin, 1997. Print.
June 21, 1877 Washington D.C. Today is the biggest day of my life. I worked my way all the way up from being a slave to become the first African American United States Marshal, but I can still can’t vote in specific southern states. I was taken and sold into slavery at the age of eleven. I was put onto this slave ship, which was one of the worst experiences in my whole life. The conditions aboard the slave ships were wretched. Men, women and children crammed into every available space, denied adequate room, food or breathing space. We reached land after about two months and then I was sent to Baltimore. In Baltimore I served for Hugh and Sophia Auld. There I was taught by Sophia Auld how to read, but Hugh Auld stopped this believing education makes slaves rebellious. I then practiced reading and writing in secret. I became much smarter and found a way to escape from slavery and went up to New York in 1838. Before for this I was a slave I did not vote I owned nothing I had no family. As a run away, I lost my name, I lost my hometown, Baltimore, but I gained love, a family, and a new life. In New York I wrote my autobiography called, Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, and also I fell in love with Anna Murray. Anna and I had five children, Rosetta, Lewis, Fredrick, Charles, and Annie. Our family moved to Washington, D.C. where I spent the happiest days of my life. Today is the happiest day of my life because I worked so hard to get to this point, and now President Hayes is honoring me by making me the first African American U.S. Marshall I want to thank the people who helped me get this far. I also want to forgive those who treated me unfairly because of the color of my skin. I feel that people shouldn’t be judged on their skin color or sex, but how they act. Today I feel like I accomplished my goal and am proud because it was a lot of hard work. The only way I see it that my black brothers and I have gained the blessing of liberty.
Work Cited: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html, http://www.frederickdouglass.org/douglass_bio.html, http://www.nps.gov/archive/frdo/freddoug.html, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/timeline.html, http://timelines.com/topics/frederick-douglass
The date is the 8th of May, 1860 and at the time I am 51 years of age and I’m a strong willed republican. I am staying in Decatur, Illinois right now for an important convention, but when it is over I plan on returning home to my home with my wife Marry Todd Lincoln and my son Robert. After the convention I plan on going back to my office in Springfield and continue working in my law firm. I have been addressed about slaves many times lately and how I feel about them. After all growing up in Kentucky my parents had a strong opinion about slaves. Now I live in the northern states and I too have a strong opinion on slavery. Tomorrow is the Illinois Republican State Convention and I am hoping too receive my first endorsement to run for president. I have a feeling that many questions will be asked about the civil war and slavery. I feel that slaves are just normal people and should be treated with the same mannerism as us white people are treated with. Right now the democratic principles of our country are not applying to the black population of this country and there for their rights are being limited. It is unfair that people who are equal human beings are being taken advantage of on such a high degree. Every day I see blacks treated with little to no respect. My opinion on this topic is that the dispute should be settled as quickly as possible to reassure that the south wont gain to much power and never come back to live in unison with the north. I am afraid of the outcome if I free the slaves and reunite the north and the south might get out of control again. This tears me because I feel that I will not be able to free the slaves because unifying the country right now is more important. I am nervous for the convention tomorrow, but I know that I will do fine. I have prepared for numerous hours on how I might respond to certain questions asked. I know that if I even want a shot at running for president I will have to get my first endorsement at the convention. I realize the conflict I have between freeing the slaves and reuniting the south with the north. As for tonight I feel that I should go to bed early so I am well rested for tomorrow.
Smith, Robert C. "Lincoln, Abraham." Encyclopedia of African-American Politics. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=EAAP0241&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010). "Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=E04820&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010). Emancipation Proclamation, Preliminary Version." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=E13650&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010). "'Men of Color, to Arms!'." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=afhd020&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
"'The Call'." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE01&iPin=afdCR01&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
Ryan
ReplyDeletePeriod-2
Doyle
3/24/10
Hello, my name is Abe Lincoln and I was born on Febuary, 12 1809 in a one room log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky. I had many extraordinary accomplishments in my lifetime. I was a 6’4 skinny adolescence when I helped my family move to central Illinois. !0 miles from where we lived, we started our own farm. I moved a lot and I set off on my own for my second trip too new Orleans. I settle in New Salem and there I tested my physical strength by wrestling. I was the champion of the nearby settlement in a wrestling match. People always liked me and asked me for advice. Before I ran for office, I joined the military and fought against the Indians in a battle called The Black Hawk War. I was promoted to the rank of captain in the military. My military duty helped me in the future because I got to know men allover the state.
When I finally ran in the fall of 1832 I ran for Illinois legislator and got almost every vote from my old town of New Salem. After I was defeated I tried to start a store. I studied a lot of reading and grammar but did not get enough customers so my store was destroyed in 1833. After became a country surveyor, I ran again for legislature a second time and won. After I won the constitution promoted slavery, and I was of course one of the few that went against slavery. But that only made the south angrier because they got mad because they had to defend the right of slavery. In 1842 I married a woman named Mary Todd. We had 4 children. In 1855 I was really affected when I tried to run for the U.S senate but lost.
In the election of 1860 I traveled to the northeast and made a very good speech at the cooper institute in New York. About 1500 people kept interrupting me with their cheers which made me feel very good. I never really thought African American slavery was right so we fought the South over it and won. I was elected president of the United States in 1861.After April 11th when I made a speech saying that blacks should have the right to vote, people were not happy. Everywhere around me I felt threatened. People were trying to kill me and or assassinate me. My family and I discussed and planned to go to a theatre play on April 15th. I am very excited to see the play with my family and look forward to it.
Sources:
1: http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE52&NewItemID=True
2: Book :Voices from the Civil War written by Milton Meltzer-Thomas Y. Crowell Junior
Books,1889 Milton Meltzer.
3: Book: The President is Shot! By Harold Holtzer: Boyds Mills Press:2004
4: Book: Lincoln A Photobiography : Russell Freedman: Clarion Books New York: 1987
Ben
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
Abraham Lincoln
Dear Journal - February 27, 1860
I, Abraham Lincoln at the age of 51, feel that my position in the Presidential race is progressing due to the fact that my speech in Cooper Union in New York City was very successful. I believe I won over the audience by successfully debating with Stephen Douglas about state rights and slavery in the south. Though I was born in Kentucky, which is in the south, I still believe slavery is wrong. It’s not because I moved up north to Indiana and Illinois shortly after that. i feel this way, because all Americans are and should be recognized as equals. Blacks, whites, men, women, and children should all receive the same respect from others. I believe slavery should be abolished and America will fight through it together. We must overcome slavery, because it is wrong to have people equal to us do laborious work and receive nothing in return. Slaves are humans too. We treat them like they aren’t, though. Stephen Douglas is wrong because he wants to continue slavery. However, he doesn’t know what it’s like to be a slave. That is something I don’t know either, but it is not a good experience from what I can see.
The next major step of my journey will be the Chicago convention, in my home state of Illinois. Although I will not be attending the convention, remaining at home in Springfield, I am hoping to gain the Republican nomination for the 16th Presidency. I am hoping people will recognize my personal values which uphold the democratic principles of our government, especially with respect to slavery. Slavery goes against three of the democratic principles which our government is based on. It certainly doesn’t promote the general welfare of our citizens, because they’re beaten and abused. It also goes against securing the blessings of liberty which means to protect our freedom. Clearly they are not doing that because plenty of people are enslaved. I don’t see any free slaves. Lastly, this doesn’t obey the Constitution’s principle of establishing justice, creating fairness for all of the people in America.
To conclude my journey as a nominee for the 16th Presidency, if I win, I will try to unite the north and the south as one. I wish I could do that while freeing the slaves, but if I do that, I am afraid that will further divide the nation and the south will get out of control. Therefore, the Civil War will get even worse. We can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power add or detract. We must fight for the freedom of the slaves.
Sources
1. "Correspondence between Abraham Lincoln and the Workingmen of Manchester, England." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=E04690&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 23, 2010).
2. "Victory Speech from the White House." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=E08790&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 24, 2010).
3. "Cooper Union Speech." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=E02280&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 24, 2010).
4. “ The Election of 1860 Brings Abraham Lincoln to the White House” Presidential Politics at a Time at a Time of National CrisisBy Robert McNamara, About.com Guidehttp://history1800s.about.com/od/presidentialcampaigns/a/1860election.htm
5. Smith, Robert C. "Lincoln, Abraham." Encyclopedia of African-American Politics. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=EAAP0241&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 25, 2010).
Will Pd.1
ReplyDeleteAbraham Lincoln
Hello to all. I am Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States of America. I am 53 years old, I have recently issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and the date is January 7th, 1863. Now, all slaves will be freed in the Confederate States. I hope expansion of blacks’ rights will occur, such as their right to vote, and maybe even the right to freedom itself. It is my firm belief that, “If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.” With this quote I tell to you (if you seem to have found this journal entry) that this quote makes sense, as slavery is currently the biggest issue we face and if that is right then anything would be right to do, which is not true. Unfortunately, this proclamation hasn’t seemed to take effect because slaves have not been freed, like this proclamation said it would (although it wasn’t illegal to do so, but I tried my best to diminish slavery). But I believe the British and French (who get cotton from the South), won’t ally with them, as this war is now currently about slavery and the North is against it, while the South is for it.
The sad part, as I stated earlier, is that the Emancipation Proclamation has apparently not freed the slaves. I believe that a democracy is a type of government in which the citizens vote directly on issues, such as laws, elections, and so on and so forth. It never stated what people to exclude from this right or if there were any people to exclude. Besides (in my opinion) there is nothing wrong with a type of person who simply has a different color of skin. I believe that there is something wrong- since some people don’t like them- with using them as slaves. The South cannot seem to come up with a single just reason for slavery. I, however, could come up with a just reason not to do so.
The challenges I face in the quest for equality are in the South- as they have separated from us because that would get their slaves taken away from them. It will be hard convincing or forcing half of America to equality in this nation. I believe this issue can be resolved through a debate between the Union and the Confederate States because it might change there point of view and quite possibly their decision to separate from us. I also face the challenge of being President and therefore leading the nation. I know I can do it though, as George Washington faced the dilemma of being the first President of the United States of America. Nobody had been President before and he would thus, have to make smart decisions in order to not aggravate the Anti-Federalists, but also be a good leader. I believe I have to do the same here, but I must also remind myself that I did not allow the South to secede from the Union, but they did anyway.
Works Cited
1-"Abraham Lincoln." Library.thinkquest.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.
http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215469/abraham_lincoln.htm.
2-"Abraham Lincoln: American Civil War President." Americancivilwar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.
3-http://americancivilwar.com/north/abe_lincoln.html.
"The American Civil War." Kidport.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. http:/www.kidport.com/
RefLib/USAHistory/CivilWar/CivilWar.htm.
4-Golay, Michael. America at War: The Civil War. New York: Facts on File, 1992. Print.
5-Marrin, Albert. Commander in Chief: Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War. New York: Penguin, 1997.
Print.
June 21, 1877
ReplyDeleteWashington D.C.
Today is the biggest day of my life. I worked my way all the way up from being a slave to become the first African American United States Marshal, but I can still can’t vote in specific southern states. I was taken and sold into slavery at the age of eleven. I was put onto this slave ship, which was one of the worst experiences in my whole life. The conditions aboard the slave ships were wretched. Men, women and children crammed into every available space, denied adequate room, food or breathing space. We reached land after about two months and then I was sent to Baltimore.
In Baltimore I served for Hugh and Sophia Auld. There I was taught by Sophia Auld how to read, but Hugh Auld stopped this believing education makes slaves rebellious. I then practiced reading and writing in secret. I became much smarter and found a way to escape from slavery and went up to New York in 1838. Before for this I was a slave I did not vote I owned nothing I had no family. As a run away, I lost my name, I lost my hometown, Baltimore, but I gained love, a family, and a new life.
In New York I wrote my autobiography called, Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, and also I fell in love with Anna Murray. Anna and I had five children, Rosetta, Lewis, Fredrick, Charles, and Annie. Our family moved to Washington, D.C. where I spent the happiest days of my life.
Today is the happiest day of my life because I worked so hard to get to this point, and now President Hayes is honoring me by making me the first African American U.S. Marshall I want to thank the people who helped me get this far. I also want to forgive those who treated me unfairly because of the color of my skin. I feel that people shouldn’t be judged on their skin color or sex, but how they act. Today I feel like I accomplished my goal and am proud because it was a lot of hard work. The only way I see it that my black brothers and I have gained the blessing of liberty.
Work Cited:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html, http://www.frederickdouglass.org/douglass_bio.html, http://www.nps.gov/archive/frdo/freddoug.html, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/timeline.html, http://timelines.com/topics/frederick-douglass
Andrew L P. 9
Lucas period 4
ReplyDeleteDear Journal,
The date is the 8th of May, 1860 and at the time I am 51 years of age and I’m a strong willed republican. I am staying in Decatur, Illinois right now for an important convention, but when it is over I plan on returning home to my home with my wife Marry Todd Lincoln and my son Robert. After the convention I plan on going back to my office in Springfield and continue working in my law firm. I have been addressed about slaves many times lately and how I feel about them. After all growing up in Kentucky my parents had a strong opinion about slaves. Now I live in the northern states and I too have a strong opinion on slavery.
Tomorrow is the Illinois Republican State Convention and I am hoping too receive my first endorsement to run for president. I have a feeling that many questions will be asked about the civil war and slavery. I feel that slaves are just normal people and should be treated with the same mannerism as us white people are treated with. Right now the democratic principles of our country are not applying to the black population of this country and there for their rights are being limited. It is unfair that people who are equal human beings are being taken advantage of on such a high degree. Every day I see blacks treated with little to no respect. My opinion on this topic is that the dispute should be settled as quickly as possible to reassure that the south wont gain to much power and never come back to live in unison with the north. I am afraid of the outcome if I free the slaves and reunite the north and the south might get out of control again. This tears me because I feel that I will not be able to free the slaves because unifying the country right now is more important.
I am nervous for the convention tomorrow, but I know that I will do fine. I have prepared for numerous hours on how I might respond to certain questions asked. I know that if I even want a shot at running for president I will have to get my first endorsement at the convention. I realize the conflict I have between freeing the slaves and reuniting the south with the north. As for tonight I feel that I should go to bed early so I am well rested for tomorrow.
Smith, Robert C. "Lincoln, Abraham." Encyclopedia of African-American Politics. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=EAAP0241&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=E04820&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
Emancipation Proclamation, Preliminary Version." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=E13650&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
"'Men of Color, to Arms!'." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=afhd020&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).
"'The Call'." African-American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE01&iPin=afdCR01&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 26, 2010).